The Minister’s Black Veil - Conflict, Climax and...

â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† - Conflict, Climax and Resolution Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† will be examined in order to determine the conflicts in the tale, the climax and resolution. The conflict involving evil and sin, pride and humility is the direction that Clarice Swisher in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography† tends: â€Å"Hawthorne himself was preoccupied with the problems of evil, the nature of sin, the conflict between pride and humility† (13). In the opinion of this reader, the central conflicts – the relation between the protagonist and antagonist (Abrams 225) - in the tale are an internal one, a spiritual-moral conflict within the minister, the Reverend Mr. Hooper, and an†¦show more content†¦Gloria C. Erlich in â€Å"The Divided Artist and His Uncles† says that â€Å"he let his more extravagant characters test the unlimited for him and sadly concluded that it was unlivable† (38). At the outset of the tale, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† the sexton is tolling the church bell and simultaneously watching Mr. Hooper’s door, when suddenly he says, ``But what has good Parson Hooper got upon his face? The surprise which the sexton displayed is repeated in the astonishment of the onlookers: â€Å"With one accord they started, expressing more wonder. . .† The reason is this: â€Å"Swathed about his forehead, and hanging down over his face, so low as to be shaken by his breath† is a black veil. The 30 year old, unmarried parson receives a variety of reactions from his congregation: ``I cant really feel as if good Mr. Hoopers face was behind that piece of crape ``He has changed himself into something awful, only by hiding his face ``Our parson has gone mad! Few could refrain from twisting their heads towards the door. . . . . . . more than one woman of delicate nerves was forced to leave the meeting-house. At this point begins the external conflict of the drama – between the minister and the people of his congregation, which will last until his death. Except for the sable veil, Reverend Hooper is quite a compatible and sociable personality: Mr. Hooper had theShow MoreRelated The Theme of Hawthorne’s The Ministers Black Veil Essay2353 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† – The Theme  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s tale, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† the dominanat theme is obviously one man’s alienation from society. This essay intends to explore, exemplify and develop this topic.    Hyatt Waggoner in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne† states:    Alienation is perhaps the theme he handles with greatest power. â€Å"Insulation,† he sometimes called it – which suggests not only isolation but imperviousness. It is the opposite ofRead More The Theme in The Minister’s Black Veil Essay2601 Words   |  11 PagesThe Theme in â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Morse Peckham in â€Å"The Development of Hawthorne’s Romanticism† explains what he interprets Hawthorne’s main theme to be in his short stories:    This technique, though Hawthorne’s is different from that of European writers, creates analogies between self and not-self, between personality and the worlds. . . .Henceforth Hawthorne’s theme is the redemption of the self through the acceptance and exploitation of what society terms

My Journey My Reading Journey - 749 Words

My reading journey began at a very early age and was kickstarted by my family. My mother and father encouraged me to read as soon as I could do it by myself. However, I am unable to give all the credit to my parents. As soon as I could read I devoured books at a break neck speed whenever I got free time. Books became an island of fantasy where I would take my private jet mind to whenever I was stressed. I may have been exposed to reading by my family, but I lovingly drowned myself in a sea of literature as soon as I was able. My first memory as a reader was of â€Å"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone† but ironically, I did not read it. My mother read small portions of the book every night before I went to sleep. This is truly the beginning†¦show more content†¦Slightly at my sisters urging, mostly to satiate the endless void I had for books, I took on the mountain of a book â€Å"Brisinger† in fourth grade. This was a big step for me at the time becau se I had never read a book that long and needed to test the boundaries of my curiosity. I read â€Å"Brisinger† in, what felt like a record, 3 months. This was the peak of my elementary reading ventures and I had conquered it. I became a more confident, excited, and deep reader moving forward. My middle school years were not as eventful as a reader. I almost singularly read fiction and didn’t grow much as a reader besides the level at which I read increased. This is the time at which I started to have less free-time, therefore less reading time. I still loved reading, however it wasn’t as easily accomplished in middle school compared to elementary school. I entered freshmen year as a confident reader, choosing â€Å"The Kite Runner† for a class project. That book was very mature and had dark themes, which I was unfamiliar with. â€Å"The Kite Runner† tore the veil from my eyes and forced me to deal with unhappy truths in the world which I didn’t enjoy. This distaste led me to take a break from reading for freshman year. However, my passion for books was stirred when I read â€Å"In Cold Blood†. It was the first non-fiction book I supremely enjoyed and helped introduce me to a new genre. Finally I read â€Å"East of Eden† and enjoyed it. This book on my ideal bookshelf symbolizes that IShow MoreRelatedReading : My Literary Journey823 Words   |  4 PagesAs far back as I can remember, being read to and reading has been a part of my life. Before I was able to read, I loved to listen to people read to me. Reading books helps develop a person’s knowledge and vocabulary. It also can help a person become a great writer. In my case, it hasn’t helped. I have never been a great writer. My literary journey has three main parts, reading, speeches, and writing. The biggest one by far is reading. My story starts with going on family trips, we would listen toRead MoreMy Journey Through Reading And Writing963 Words   |  4 PagesMy journey through reading and writing started once I started school. I don’t remember the early years but they laid down a foundation for me. It got me to where I am today. I love reading for pleasure but I want to be more open to different types of genres. I’m not the best writer but I try my best to write well. I have a strong approach to writing an essay but when it comes to actually writing, I don’t feel too confident. I hope that this year will help me become a better reader and writer. MyRead MoreAn Analysis of the Relationship between Myself and the â€Å"Journey of the Magi743 Words   |  3 Pagesabout the three poems by T.S. Elliot, â€Å"Preludes† Journey of the Magi† and â€Å"The Hollow Men† and I wondered about which poem I connected easiest with. I observed the poem, â€Å"Preludes† when I read the lines, â€Å"And newspapers from vacant lots†¦at the corner of the street†¦a lonely cab-horse steams and stamps† (Elliot, Preludes, page 1156 lines 8-11) in which I realized they were in a bustling city. I thought to myself, since living in a small town all my life, that in the end I would not be able to easilyRead MorePersonal Narrative : A Native Speaker Of Chinese851 Words   |  4 Pagesrecognize was my name. My grandfather told me how to write it correctly. He had a really beautiful handwriting, so I was impressed and picked up a pencil immediately. I just imitated what he did and drew what he had on the paper , which turned out to be very different from the original version and hard to recognize. I asked, â€Å"Why should I write my name?† He answered with smile, â€Å"You need to write down your name so that people can know you. † Therefore, I practiced a lot to write my name better. IRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lightning Thief743 Words   |  3 PagesAnnabeth and Grover, must undertake a quest to reclaim Zeus’s master bolt from Hades. â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† is a pattern of stages that many heroes experience. Throughout Percy’s quest, the archetype of â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† is followed. A few stages of â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† that Percy undergoes are The Ordinary World, The Supreme Ordeal, and Confronting the Father. In the very first stage of â€Å"The Hero’s Journey†, The Ordinary World, the hero lives in an uneventful world where they are considered unusualRead MoreLiteracy : An Important Skills For A Child1339 Words   |  6 Pagesyoung. Everyone s literacy journeys are a little different, but here is my literacy journey. All throughout my life literacy has played a huge role in my life, even when I didn t notice it. During my early literacy years, one of my first reading memories was when I was around three or four years old. Every night my mom would take time out of her day to read me a book before bed. This was something I looked forward to every day I loved hearing new books. Some of my favorites were â€Å" The HungryRead MoreI Was My Princess, The Most Beautiful Princess Of All Of The Land Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pageswrapped in silks and spent my time in the most gorgeous castle a girl could ever imagine. Sometimes though, I got bored in my castle, and longed for a wild adventure. So, some days, I would take off my gown and lay my tiara down before dawning war paint and leather, and I would venture alone through the woods with all of the wild animals. This is because stories allowed me to be whatever I wished and go wherever I wanted. On road trips, I would sit and write stories, having my grandmother help me whenRead MoreReflection1712 Words   |  7 PagesJourney Through the Ages: A Reflection The inspiration for Chantal and I’s praxis paper was from Carl Leggo’s article, â€Å"Pedagogy of the heart†. As I read Leggo’s ruminations between his prose story and his poetic expression I realized his article read like a praxis paper. When thinking about how to conceptualize this paper Chantal and I were bogged down by ‘in the box’ thinking until we were lamenting on Leggo’s method of narration and expression. I could not help but feel happy when I read Leggo’sRead MoreThe Odyssey And The Symposium1620 Words   |  7 Pagescan say that these readings, without a doubt, can and will influence and shape the way we understand our lives. This essay will defend the notion that these â€Å"great books,† The Symposium; The poems: Ulysses, Ithaka and Penelope are considered to be fundamentally vital to the human condition. These great readings take us on a journey, a journey of love, loyalty, Perseverance, faith, and the goodn ess of life. The stories point out some of the most vital aspects of life. In reading The Odyssey, we areRead MoreAnalysis Of Sue Monk Kidds Novel And The Invention Of Wings1213 Words   |  5 Pagesin their novels, and that is the idea of a journey. The link between the journeys in these books is noted by the major character’s desire to see life as they imagine it to be; for Kidd’s character, it is not only about the chance to escape slavery, but also the chance to experience life the with the opportunity to life the life her mother had told her about before she passed away. For Kerouac’s characters, the major character in particular, the journey is the same in his desire not to be a slave

The Older the Better free essay sample

â€Å"Am I getting too old?† â€Å"Is he the one?† â€Å"I need a boyfriend.† Statements and comments such as these are persistently spoken and heard from the mouths of most American teenagers. Dating and constant interaction with the opposite sex is an immense somewhat integral part of the ultimate American lifestyle specifically in regards to teenagers and young adults. Television shows such as Gossip girl, Melrose Place, even Bones and magazines like â€Å"Cosmopolitan†, â€Å"Cosmo Girl† and â€Å"GQ† are constantly promoting relationships among young adults with headlines such as â€Å"6 Things Guys Notice 6 Seconds After you meet† (Cosmopolitan, 2009) or the â€Å"Flirt with Guys† sections in Cosmo Girl. When things such as these are consistently seen and read by young Americans, they are given the thought dating is what they are supposed to do. Although, dating and courting are common and normal aspects in the US and hap pen to be quite valued, other cultures around the world view it in a completely different manner. We will write a custom essay sample on The Older the Better or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In many African and Southwest Asian nations, people dated only in order to get married, the concepts of â€Å"playing the field†, â€Å"just having fun† or â€Å"weighing your options† do not exist. People dated for one thing and one thing only, to get married! In these cultures, most people actually don’t even date; their mates are found for and introduced to them through close family or business relations. This process is done very discreetly. Here in the US for example, if a guy were to realize that he is attracted to a girl, he might write her a letter, try numerous ways to garner her attention, talk to one of her friends, or just go ahead and ask her out. On the other hand, this would be considered taboo in many African and Asian cultures, where courting is something that is done privately between close families and friends, not in the middle of a busy high school hallway or at the mall. For a male to approach a girl in a romantic way and for her to respond would be considered â€Å"fast† and be seen as a disgrace and a sign of disrespect to their respective families. In their culture, if a guy is interested in a girl romantically, he’d first discuss it with the elders of his family in order to gain their approval. If the elders approve, they would then look into the background of the girl and her family and after deeming her appropriate, they’d check for a common friend between the two families and proceed to setting up a meeting. Although statistics show that both Western and Eastern women get married at approximately the same age, between ages 24-26, the divorce rates between both societies are quite different. In the past year, 27.6% under the age of 20, 36.6% between the ages of 20-24 and 16.4% between age 25-29 (Baker). The US currently ranks 5th in world divorce rates with 50% of all marriages ending in divorce (US Rank, 2009). Whilst, India, a nation that is completely filled with three major easte rn cultures has a divorce rate of 1.1%. Some might say that the main reason why divorces are less apparent in eastern cultures is due to the fact the being divorced is considered taboo and shameful, which happens to be true. Some might say that dating is not a big thing in these societies because they’re forbidden to do so or because their marriages are arranged (Hoda Rashad, 2005). While both of these do have some truth to them, rarely are they so now in modern times. Take Turkey for instance, a nation that is more European than it is Islamic, Arab, or â€Å"old school† and also happens to have a very high literacy rate. 93% of all Turkish women are married by the time they are thirty, and a divorce rate of only 6% (World Divorce Statistics, 2009). It appears that the main reason why marriages and relationships last longer in Eastern society is due to the way that marriage is perceived. Marriage is a lifetime bond, a union between two people who, usually, choose to sp end the rest of their lives together. Getting married is a very significant thing to do and it’s something that should be done after a long and thoughtful process. By getting married, you are claiming that you are ready to be settled, start a family and devote yourself and time to your partner. Although some might see marriage as losing their individuality, independence and freedom because they now have to answer to someone else and be mindful of the things that they do, there are also many benefits to being married. . Marriage is more than just wearing a ring, signing a piece of paper or saying that you like someone. In many cultures, getting married is seen as a rite of passage, a sign that you are now ready to leave your parents’ home and venture into the world, which happens to be one of the reasons why dating is not done to the extent as it is here in the US. I grew up in a family were dating was not accepted and still isn’t. My family, like many Nigerians, feel as if dating is something that should be when you’re older and more mature. My sisters and I were always told, â€Å"No dating till after college†, our parents were just telling us the same thing that they were told and I completely agree with them. To them dating is not a pastime, it’s not something that you do just because you’re bored or because everyone else is doing it. Dating and being with someone should be taking very seriously. Dating is not something to do just for the fun of it. I asked one of my American friends why she dates and her response was† just to be with someone, people date different people so that they know what they do or don’t want.† (Newson, 2009) Why is that you need to date many people before you know what it is that you do or don’t want. Obviously, if you start dating at the tender age of 16, the age that most American females start dating (with parental consent), you don’t know what you want in another person; you barely know what you want in yourself. Another big part of dating that is not evident in American society is the involvement of parents. American youth rarely like to involve their parents in their personal lives until they are for sure serious about the person. While this might sound like a good idea in the sense that you don’t want to keep bringing countless amounts of men to meet your parents. Alternatively though, if you proceed to date the way Easterners do, by waiting to get married to start looking and involve your parents right away, the issue of bringing around many guys will no longer be a problem. By implementing this method of dating, many of the problems that are related to teens can be negated. If the teenagers don’t see dating at a young age or having a constant and sexual interaction with members of the opposite sex to be such a necessity they are less likely to date, therefore resulting in less teen pregnancy. The durations of marriage are also more likely to last longer due to participants being more mature, settled and mentally ready for such an important step in life.

Spread Of Islamic Civilation Essays - Islam, Arabs,

Spread Of Islamic Civilation DBQ #: Spread of Islamic Civilization From its beginnings in Arabia to its extensive empire encompassing the Middle East, parts of Asia, North Africa, and parts of Europe,paul duffy is fat the spread of Islam in the late 600s and 700s has drawn much study. The spread of Islamic beliefs and civilization have been described from a variety of perspectives. One way in which Islam spread was by the military conquests of the Muslims. Mohammed gave choices to non-Moslem peoples. They could either accept Islam or war would be waged against them and many lives would be taken. These threats by the Moslems caused many to convert and become followers of Allah. When a group defied these words they were punished severely by the Moslems. Moslem warrior were known to be fierce and were quite capable of forcing nations into Islam. There were other times when military conquests were made by the Moslems in order to gain riches, or booty, as opposed to punishing a group of peoples. These campaigns were not made with the intention of gaining permanent footholds but once the Moslems finished their raids it was inevitable that the areas would become part of the Arab empire. Not everyone was forced to follow Islam though. There were many people to whom the Islamic culture appealed. The promise to devout Moslems of a paradise with an abundant supply of water appealed to many desert-dwellers. The belief in equality among all followers of Islam appealed to many impoverished nations. These people willingly converted to Islam from their ancestral religions, causing the Islamic empire to grow. Then you have peoples like the Christians or Jews, who were respected by most Moslems because of their monotheistic beliefs. These two groups did have to pay, however, for the protection of the Moslems. If they did not pay, they too would be punished. Because although they were respected by some Moslems, there were others who believed that Christians were evil because they stifled the liberty of their followers and where Christianity prevailed, no other religion could be followed without persecution. It becomes clear that Islamic civilization spread to different areas by different means but the end result was the same: an extensive empire covering the Middle East, parts of Asia, North Africa, and parts of Europe. Islam still remains one of the most widely followed religions today. Political Science

Why Is College So Expensive Rising College Costs, Explained

Why Is College So Expensive Rising College Costs, Explained SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re like the average student, you’re probably bemoaning the ever-rising cost of college. School seems almost impossibly expensive, and yet every year sticker prices tend to go up. You know that getting a degree is important for your future career prospects, and you understand that you can apply for financial aid, but you just don’t get how schools can set these sky-high prices. Did college tuition always cost so much? And if not, why has it risen to its current rate? I’ll answer these questions and more in the following sections, which address: Current college expenses cost breakdowns Historical trends of tuition fee expenses in the US Explanations for these rapid cost increases What you actually pay for school, and how that’s different from the sticker price Tips strategies for keeping your costs down Read on to learn more about why college is so expensive, and what you can do to afford it. What Does College Cost? Before we talk about why college is so expensive, we should talk about what college actually costs. You might already have a general idea of average prices for public and private schools in the US, so hopefully this info won’t give you sticker shock. The major college costs that students are responsible for include tuition, fees, room, and board. Tuition fees are generally lumped together, as are room board costs. All of these expenses (plus a few minor others) are equal to the total amount it costs for a student to go to school for one year, otherwise known as the Cost of Attendance. Let’s look at some of these average costs for the last academic year (2014-2015): Tuition and Fees Private college average = $32,405 Public college average for in-state residents = $9,410 Public college average for out-of-state residents = $22,958 Room and Board Private college average =$11,188 Public college average = $9,804 In sum, the average Cost of Attendance ranges from about $18,943 at public schools to $42,419 at private schools (there will obviously be some variation - these are just averages). You can read more about the breakdown of college expenses by checking out our comprehensive guide to college costs. Now that you have a good baseline for current college costs, we can talk about why, exactly, they’re so shocking. We can do this by looking at historical data, or information on college costs over the last few decades. Historical Trends: The Rising Cost of College College cost trends in a nutshell. Here, we’ll take a look at how tuition, fees, room, and board costs have changed (in today’s dollars) over the last 40 years or so. I’ve created some graphs, so you have a better representation of rising expenses from a few different perspectives (data sources include College Board, IPEDS): Average tuition fee increases (for both private and public schools) Average room board increases (for both private and public schools) Average private college versus public college cost increases Tuition and Fee Increases I’m starting with tuition fees because this is where we tend to see the most dramatic cost increases over the past few decades – you’ll see what I mean on the graph below. Remember that these costs are all in 2015 dollars – because of inflation, $1 decades ago was worth much more than it is now. This has been accounted for in the graph so that the cost increases don’t seem larger or more drastic than they actually are. That being said, they look pretty drastic: Average Tuition Fees, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) To give you some concrete examples: The average private school tuition cost $10,088 in 1975, whereas the average private school tuition now costs $32,405. That’s a 221% increase over the past 40 years. The average public school tuition cost $2,387 in 1975, whereas the average public school tuition now costs $9,410. That’s a 294% increase over the past 40 years. When people talk about the discrepancy between private school and public school costs, this is generally what they mean. Room board can be expensive (as you’ll see in a minute), but the greatest difference in costs is evident when we look at tuition fees. The major factor that accounts for this difference? Public school tuition is subsidized by the state, whereas private school tuition isn’t. The tuition numbers for public schools listed above are average costs for in-state residents - tuition for out-of-state residents at public schools can be much more expensivebecause it’s not subsidized for those students. Room and Board Increases Room board costs can be a bit more variable than tuition fees costs, and depend heavily on things like cost of living in a particular area, or students’ living and dining plan selections. That being said, average room board costs have increased pretty dramatically over past decades (again, the amounts here have all been adjusted to 2015 dollars). Average Room Board, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) To give you some concrete examples: The average private school room board cost $6,125 in 1975, whereas the average cost now is $11,516. That’s a 188% increase over the past 40 years. The average public school room board cost $5,446 in 1975, whereas the average cost now is $10,138. That’s a 186% increase over the past 40 years. You might notice that although private room board costs are more expensive than those of public schools, there’s not a huge difference between them - in the 2015-2016 school year, for example, the difference between average room board costs between school types came to $1,378. Total Cost Increases: Private Colleges vs. Public Colleges Finally, we’ll take a look at how the average costs of private schools have compared to the average costs of public schools (in 2015 dollars) over the past four decades. Although they’ve both risen at rates faster than that of inflation, you might notice that there’s a big difference in the costs (and the change in costs) between public and private schools: Average Tuition Fees + Room Board Costs, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) Overall, we can see that average education costs have risen pretty rapidly. For public schools -The average total cost went from $7,833 in 1975 to $19,548 in 2015. That’s a 250% increase over four decades. For private schools -The average total cost went from $16,213 in 1975 to $43,921 in 2015. That’s a 271% increase over four decades. Your next question, naturally, might be why we’ve seen such a rapid increase in the cost of a college education in the US over the past 40 years. This isn’t an easy question to answer, but we’ll address all possible explanations for the rising cost of college in the next section. Why Are CollegeCosts Rising So Rapidly? This is the million dollar question - we know very well that costs are rising, and by how much. What’s more difficult to understand is why, exactly, college costs (for both public and private schools!) are going up at such an astonishing rate. There are several popular explanations for these cost increases. As with most complex issues, however, it’s difficult to approach a question like this objectively because most of these explanations come from perspectives that are biased by particular financial or political agendas. I can’t tell you for sure what the â€Å"right† answer is, but I can present the explanations and discuss their merits. This will help you gain a better understanding of how many factors may affect these dramatic cost increases. Explanation #1: Public Funding for Education Has Been Slashed This explanation may be the one most endorsed by schools themselves, and it’s likely to be the one you hear if you ask admissions officers or tour guides about the issue at any pricey institution. It’s not that costs have gone up - costs have just been shifted to students as schools have to make up deficits left by slashed state or federal funding. But is it true that the government has stalled or cut funding for post-secondary institutions? Well, not necessarily. Overall, government funding for higher education (i.e. college) has increased a lot faster than government spending in general. Although there are hiccupswhen the economy is in bad shape - like during the Great Recession - funding, in general, seems to have increased significantly over past decades: State funding for higher education increased significantlybetween 1960-1980: 390%, to be precise (adjusted for inflation) This state funding reached an (inflation-adjusted) high record of $86.6 billion in 2009. It fell a bit due to the stock market downturn in 2008 but has since risen to $81 billion The federal Pell Grant program has grown (in 2015 dollars) from $10.3 billion in 2000 to $34.3 billion Budgets were cut after 2008 due to the Great Recession, but college costs were increasing way before that, and the stock market has since recovered. I think it’s safe to say that funding for post-secondary educations hasn’t been slashed overall, but that doesn’t mean that schools aren’t dealing with tight budgets. In fact, funding might be a big issue for schools if †¦ Explanation #2: More Students Are Attending College More students = less money to go around? Why would college costs go up if more students attend? Well, schools would have more to pay for. If they accept greater numbers of students, they have to pay for more food, more housing, more professors, more facilities. Even if the amount of public funding increases, schools might be scrambling to cover costs if the funding amount per student decreases. Is this really what’s happening? Well, enrollment in postsecondary programs has increased by almost 50%since 1995 - there are definitely more students pursuing an education after high school.Again, though, we've seen this trend of increasing college costs way before 1995. Ultimately, I think it’s a bit of a stretch to say that an increase in enrollment has forced schools to raise their prices: First, no school is required to accept a greater number of students than it’s comfortable with. If they thought that bigger cohorts weren’t financially feasible, why would they take on more students? Second, adding students to a graduating class doesn’t do much to increase a school’s fixed costs (unless they were adding a very large number of students). Even if a school does spend more money to accommodate larger numbers of students, they also have more students paying to attend the school - this would, presumably, help to cover extra expenses. Let’s entertain the idea that schools may be paying more to take on large numbers of students. One budget item that may account for college cost increases... Explanation #3: More Pay for Professors With an increasingly global market comes global competition for academic positions (and competition when it comes to attracting students). Top experts in particular fields move all around the world to take jobs at universities who are willing to pay for them. Schools also haveto compete with the private sector when it comes to salaries. Because the private sector tends to be pretty lucrative, schools must compensate coveted experts very well for the work they do. Paying top dollar for professors could account (at least in part) for this increase in college expenses. So are schools actually paying more for their professors? There are undoubtedly some rockstar professors that make a ton of money at top universities. Overall, though, it looks like the average prof isn’t exactly raking in the dough - salariesaren’t much higher now than they were in the 1970s. Butif schools have to pay to employ larger numbers of professors, perhaps this could contribute to rising costs, right? In reality, though, schools now tend to employ way more part-time, lower-paid instructors (like graduate students and adjunct professors) than well-paid tenured professors. It looks like this explanation can’t fully account for the decades-long spike in costs. Explanation #4:Colleges Acting More Like Businesses A business’s primary focus - or at least one of them - is to maximizethe amount of money it makes. Even if a college is designated as a nonprofit, it’s still going to be incredibly concerned with its budget and revenue. A big portion of its revenue comes from what students pay to attend. Generally, people are willing to pay more for experiences or services that are more comfortable or enjoyable. Some people argue that colleges have caught on to this, and compete for applicants and students by offering and marketing â€Å"better† experiences - better food, better housing, nicer facilities, more interesting clubs and activities. Others suggest that schools raise prices just to appear more prestigiousto applicants. Is this really the case? Well, over the past few decades, there have been large increases in average administrationandstudent servicesbudgets at both private and public schools. Admin positions at colleges and universities grew by 60%between 1993 and 2009, which was much faster than the rate of growth for tenured faculty positions. Finally, high-ranking admin officers tend to make pretty cushy salaries. Overall, it seems that these sales- and marketing-related expenses (in the form of growing admin and student services budgets) could account for some of the decades-long cost increase. The next logical question, though, would be why students and parents would be willing and able to deal with ever-expensive college costs. Perhaps there’s something else at play here†¦ Explanation #5: More Public Funding Available for Schools Could more money be leading to an increase in costs? If colleges acted like businesses, they would charge whatever amount students were willing to pay in order to get a degree. If students are willing (and able) to pay more for college, then colleges would raise their costs. Some people argue that by increasing public funding for student financial aid, the government is increasing students’ willingness to pay - more financial aid money means more flexibility and freedom when it comes to choosing a college. A greater willingness to pay leads to an increase in cost from colleges and universities. Is more financial aid leading to these ballooning college expenses? It’s hard to say, mostly because we can only see the relationships between these two factors (what's known ascorrelation) and not necessarily whether one is causing the other. But here’s what we do know: For every extra dollar made available to students in the form of government financial aid, there’s an increase in average college tuition of about 65 cents For-profit colleges (like Capella, DeVry, and the University of Phoenix)are more explicit about the fact that they are run as businesses, and as such, focus on increasing profits. Publicly traded for-profit schools do well on the stock market when the government increases financial aid funding,suggesting that investors believe more financial aid = more profit for schools. We can’t determine anything for certain, but it looks like there’s an important relationship between available financial aid and college costs. One education professorposited that â€Å"if students couldn’t get any money from the federal government, tuition [fees] would probably go down, but it’s hard to say how much.† Increased financial aid is meant to make college more affordable, but in a system where schools (even nonprofit schools) are motivated to increase revenue, this funding may contribute to a disastrous feedback loop. What Do You Really Pay for School? The stuff we’ve discussed so far sounds pretty scary, to be honest. Who wants to worry about ballooning college costs and education affordability, when you want to just focus on getting into the schools you’re interested in? This is where I get to reassure you that all the numbers I’ve talked about so far may not be as meaningful as you think. All of these published costs - tuition, fees, room, board - come together to make up a school’s sticker price. This sticker price is what a student would pay without any financial aid or scholarship money, or without taking any serious cost-cutting measures. The number you should care about is your estimated Net Price, not Cost of Attendance. Your Net Price is the amount you pay after grants and scholarships. Average Net Prices for students are generally much lower than the figures published earlier in the article. Your Net Price will really depend on your financial situation and where you end up going to college, but average Net Prices are a good place to start if you're budgeting for school. The average Net Prices for 2015-2016 are: $14,120 for in-state students at public schools $26,400 for students at private schools You can do even better than these average figures, though- it’s pretty easy to calculate your own Net Price at a particular school! All you need to do is access its Net Price Calculator. Check out our complete guide to college costs for more info on using a Net Price calculator. How Do You Keep Costs Down and Save Cash? You have a lot of information to process so far, but this last section might be one of the most important ones! Since college is so expensive, you’ll want to take as many steps as possible to cut costs, especially if you’re on a budget. Just because college costs are rising doesn’t mean you have to pay full sticker price for a college education. These next tips will help you get as much money as possible for school. An effective (if impractical) way to cut your spending. Apply for Financial Aid As you may have guessed, financial aid is a huge part of keeping your college costs down. In order to get your hands on financial aid funds, make sure to submit a FAFSA accurately and by the deadline. The FAFSA is important because it's the application for all federal financial aid programs, including the Pell Grant, Direct loans, and Perkins loans. Schools also often use the FAFSA to determine aid eligibility. Apply forOutside Scholarships There are so many scholarships available based on so many different criteria, including academic merit, financial need, volunteer work, ethnicity, interests, and more. Awardscan range from $50 to hundreds of thousands of dollars. If you're interested in applying for scholarships, start by checking out our posts on top awards for juniors and seniors. Applyto In-State Public Schools In-state tuition is often much, much cheaper at public schools than tuition for non-residents. If you're interested in applying to public schools and want to lower your costs right off the bat, apply to schools in your state. Check out our article on college costs for more information on how much money you could save with this strategy. ApplytoSchools With Strong Financial Aid Programs Someschools have strong merit- and need-based financial aid programs. They award money to students independently of any awards given by the federal or state governments, which are all based on financial need. Although private schools tend to have pretty high sticker prices, highly-ranked schools with bigger endowments tend toaward generous financial aid packages to their students. Conversely, schools that are working to draw in more competitive applicants tend to give generous merit-based awards. To start learning about schools with great financial aid programs, check out this list of schools with the best financial aid. Cut Down on Living Expenses As you’ve seen, room board costs make up a big chunk of the total costs associated with going to college. Cutting down on these expenses can mean you pay a lot less money in the long run. There are a lot of ways do this. Ultimately, you should focus onchoosing economical meal plans and/or housing options, if available. You could also see if living at home is an option if you plan on going to school close to your parents. Get a Student Job A student job is a great way to gain professional, research, or business experience while also bringing in extra cash to coverexpenses. What's Next? You've made it to the end! No doubt you're itching to learn more about saving money in college, especially now that you know how much it can cost. You should start by learning all you can about financial aid. Our guide to applying for financial aid is a great introduction. To get more nitty gritty details about financial aid programs, read about the Pell Grant, Direct Loans, and Perkins Loans. Next, learn about the types of schools that are most likely to give you a great deal. Read about schools that cover 100% financial need, and schools that have the best financial aid programs. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Understanding the Victim Complex

Understanding the Victim Complex In clinical psychology, a â€Å"victim complex† or â€Å"victim mentality† describes a personality trait of persons who believe they are constantly the victims of the harmful actions of others, even when made aware of evidence to the contrary. Most people go through normal periods of simple self-pity, as part of the grieving process, for example. However, these episodes are temporary and minor compared to the perpetual feelings of helplessness, pessimism, guilt, shame, despair, and depression that consume the lives of persons afflicted with a victim complex. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for people who have actually been victims of physically abusive or manipulative relationships to fall prey to  a universal victim mentality. Victim Complex vs. Martyr Complex   Sometimes associated with the term victim complex, persons diagnosed with a â€Å"martyr complex† actually desire the feelings of repeatedly being the victim. They sometimes seek out, even encourage, their own victimization in order to either satisfy a psychological need or as an excuse to avoid personal responsibility. Persons diagnosed with a martyr complex often knowingly place themselves in situations or relationships most likely to result in their suffering. Outside of the theological context, which holds that martyrs are persecuted as punishment for their refusal to reject a religious doctrine or deity, persons with a martyr complex seek to suffer in the name of love or duty. The martyr complex is sometimes associated with the personality disorder called â€Å"masochism,† regarded as a preference for and the pursuit of suffering.   In this sense, psychologists often observe the martyr complex in persons involved in abusive or codependent relationships. Fed by their perceived misery, persons with a martyr complex will often reject advice or offers to help them. Common Traits of Victim Complex Sufferers Persons diagnosed with a victim complex tend to dwell on every trauma, crisis, disease, or another difficulty that they have ever suffered, particularly those that happened during their childhoods. Often seeking a survival technique, they have come to believe that society simply â€Å"has it out for them.† In this sense, they passively submit to their unavoidable â€Å"fate† as perpetual victims as a way of coping with problems from tragic to trivial. Some common traits of persons with a victim complex include: They refuse to accept responsibility for dealing with their problems.They never accept any degree of blame for their problems.They always find reasons why suggested solutions will not work.They carry grudges, never forgive, and simply cannot â€Å"move on.†They are rarely assertive and find it hard to express their needs.They believe everyone is â€Å"out to get them† and thus trust no one.They are negative and pessimistic, always looking for the bad even in the good.They are often highly critical of others and rarely enjoy lasting friendships. According to psychologists, victim complex sufferers employ these â€Å"safer to flee than fight† beliefs as a method of coping with or completely avoiding life and its inherent difficulties. As noted behavioral scientist, author and speaker Steve Maraboli puts it, â€Å"The victim mindset dilutes the human potential. By not accepting personal responsibility for our circumstances, we greatly reduce our power to change them.† The Victim Complex in Relationships In relationships, a partner with a victim complex can cause extreme emotional chaos. The â€Å"victim† may constantly ask their partner to help them only to reject their suggestions or even find ways to sabotage them. In some cases, the â€Å"victim† will actually wrongly criticize their partner for failing to help, or even accuse them of trying to make their situation worse. As a result of this frustrating cycle, victims become experts at manipulating or bullying their partners into making draining attempts at care-giving ranging from financial support to assuming full responsibility for their lives. In this sense, bullies - looking for someone to take advantage of - often seek persons with a victim complex as their partners.  Ã‚   Perhaps the most likely to suffer lasting damage from these relationships are partners whose pity for the victim transcends sympathy to become empathy. In some cases, the dangers of misguided empathy can be the end of already tenuous relationships. When Victims Meet Saviors Along with bullies looking to dominate them, persons with a victim complex often attract partners with a â€Å"savior complex† looking to â€Å"fix† them. According to psychologists, persons with a savior or â€Å"Messiah† complex feel a consuming need to save other people. Often sacrificing their own needs and well-being, they seek out and attach themselves to people who they believe desperately need their help. Believing they are doing â€Å"the noble thing† in trying to â€Å"save† people while asking nothing in return, saviors often consider themselves better than everyone else. While the savior partner is certain they can help them, their victim partners are equally certain they cannot. Worse yet, victim partners with a martyr complex - happy in their misery - will stop at nothing to make sure they fail. Whether the savior’s motives in helping are pure or not, their actions can be harmful. Incorrectly believing their savior partner will â€Å"make them whole† the victim partner feels no need to take responsibility for his or her own actions and never develop the internal motivation to do so. For the victim, any positive changes will be temporary, while negative changes will be permanent and potentially devastating. Where to Look for Advice All of the conditions discussed in this article are true mental health disorders. As with medical problems, advice on mental disorders and potentially dangerous relationships should be sought only from certified mental health care professionals.   In the United States, registered professional psychologists are certified by the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPA). Lists of certified psychologists or psychiatrists in your area can typically be obtained from your state or local health agency. In addition, your primary care doctor is a good person to ask if you think you may need to see somebody about your mental health. Sources Andrews, Andrea LPC NCC, â€Å"The Victim Identity, Traversing the Inner Terrain,† Physiology Today (February 24, 2011)  Davis, Sheldon E. (September 1945). What Are Modern Martyrs Worth?. Peabody Journal of Education.Seligman, David B. (May 1970). Masochism. Australasian Journal of Philosophy.Johnson, Paul E. (January 1970). The emotional health of the clergy. Journal of Religion and Health.Braiker, Harriet B., Whos Pulling Your Strings? How to Break the Cycle of Manipulation (2006)Aquino and K. Byron, ‘Dominating interpersonal behavior and perceived victimization in groups: Evidence for a curvilinear relationship’, Journal of Management.Messiah Complex Psychology. Flowpsychology.Dangerous delusions: The Messiah Complex and Jerusalem Syndrome. Freethought Nation.

Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Strategy - Essay Example Following the global financial crisis that was offset by the bursting of the housing bubble in 2008 in the USA and later followed by the global financial crisis in 2010, a lot of firms have adopted measures to deal with the reduced revenue and sales yield amidst growing competition from other firms and many of the firms have adopted competitive business strategies. Competitive business strategies facilitate a firm to sell or produce products and services with more efficiency and with the sole aim of having a competitive advantage over their competitors (Mandarini 2014). There are a variety of business strategies that are used by managers as they have choices between using set standard strategies or creating their own set of strategies and therefore it should be noted that, flexibility and innovation play a very important role in competitive business strategies. Competitive advantage is a management strategy that was first developed by Michael Porter who classified the competitive advantage of an organization as being either achieved through differentiation, or by adopting lower costs of production (Dicken 2011). Competitive advantage enables a company to gain a competitive advantage over its rivals in the market through adopting new information technology, gaining access to natural resources or highly skilled personnel. One of the companies in the last decade that has outshone its competitors due to the adoption of a strategic management strategy that places emphasis on acquiring a competitive advantage via adoption of new technology and differentiation different form other firms in the market has been Apple. In the period between 2001 and 2007 following the unveiling of the Apple iPod and Apple iPhone respectively, the company, courtesy of its CEO, Steve Jobs had shifted from its previous strategy of premium priced innovative computers, w hich was a relatively safe strategy and adopted the highly risky but profitable strategy of venturing into the extremely

Annotated bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Annotated bibliography - Essay Example The former one is completely opposed to this notion and instead claims that all that a person does is a result of choice. The question therefore is normally asked as to whom between the two is right. Whereas history does indeed play a role in one’s behavior, does it mean that the person committing a crime or violence is not responsible? This essay’s purpose is to assert that humans have freewill and that for every action taken, no one is really compelled. Decision and influence are two distinct things, which ought to be treated as such to avoid the confusion of determinism. Whereas, it could be true that one’s decision or its magnitude may be somehow influenced by the past, the actions taken by a person is not devoid of their consciousness and approval. That is to say, history may have a role in a decision but the person taking it is very much aware of it and by no means are they doing it without knowledge. According to (Cohen p.15), whenever one is taking a particular action there is full understanding and knowledge of its likely outcome and this therefore negates any claim of determinism. If every decision is taken based on the history then creativity and invention have nothing to be attributed to since they did not exist before. The proponents of determinism claim that a decision is greatly, if not fully, influenced by one’s history. For instance, if a man witnessed violence while growing up, there would no way to stop them from engaging in the same. However, Howard, George, and Diane (p.67), who reported that other factors that could alter a person when they are growing up, have disputed the above assertions. It therefore means that even if one witnessed violence, it does not automatically mean they will follow suit. The creativity demonstrated by individuals is not in any way influenced by experiences one had while growing up. Instead, the mind tends to focus on making new things. Similarly, one who involves in

Dealing with Evil Essay Example for Free

Dealing with Evil Essay After the World War II the planet has been divided by the Iron Curtain into two antagonistic camps: the communist countries, headed by the USSR and the capitalistic countries, headed by the USA. The struggle between two systems took forms of economic competition, ideological dispute, armament race and even local armed conflicts. Both leaders aimed to spread their influence at every possible region and attract carry over every possible country. At that they often paid little attention to home policy of a particular state concentrating exclusively on their ability to control it. Declaring their desire for democracy both the USA and the USSR often supported authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. This paper shall review some examples when the US cooperated with undemocratic rulers and demonstrate the necessity of such cooperation in order to stop the communist expansion. In one of the global key-points – the Middle East the USA did a lot to support an unpopular regime of the Shah of Iran. Between 1945 and 1979 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, conducted a policy of westernization and close ties with the United States. His rule has been marked by growing poorness of the population and total corruption of the state officials. Failure of economic reforms has only compounded the crisis. Under such conditions the communist party gained increasing popularity among the people of Iran. However, despite of Shah’s authoritarism, the USA instructed him when he removed a democratically elected government in 1953, as well as later in his actions. Only in 1977 the President has sent â€Å"a polite reminder† to the Shah about the necessity to take care of human rights . In response the Shah has freed some political prisoners and allowed the Red Cross to operate in Iran. Those measures appeared to be late and the Shah has been overthrown in 1979. Between 1940 and 1959 the USA favored a regime of l Ruben Fulgencio Batista at Cuba, preferring to have a dictator rather than a communist country just a few miles away. Batista has been provided with funds for electoral campaign. The CIA assisted Batista in detecting and destroying his opponents. However, Batista’s regime appeared to be so unpopular among the people of Cuba, that it has been destroyed by a small group of guerillas lead by Fidel Castro in 1959 . Another example of support rendered by the USA to totalitarian leader is cooperation with the regime of Mobutu Sese Seko in Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo ). Mobutu’s attitude to Soviet Union was rather frosty because of the Soviet support of local rebels. So he has chosen to strengthen the relationships with America and Belgium – a former mother-country of Zaire. The US was third largest donor to Zaire economy. Even despite of Mobutu’s warlike rhetoric and poor human rights record, Zaire received almost 50% of US assistance to sub-Sahara countries in the times of President Carter. America also directly cooperated with Mobutu during inner conflicts by providing supplies and transporting Belgian paratroopers . Nevertheless after collapse of the USSR the USA has found it unnecessary to further work with Mobutu and he was even refused of American visa. In contrast he was now suppressed to democratize his regime. And without outside assistance he has been overthrown in 1994. In total, the attitude of the USA to friendly dictators can be characterized by a rude but frank phrase of Franklin D. Roosevelt: â€Å"He may be a son of a bitch, but he’s our son of a bitch†. In the titanic struggle with communism political loyalty was a priority in comparison to observation of human rights. REFERNCES 1. Gellman, Irwin F.(1973) Roosevelt and Batista: Good neighbor diplomacy in Cuba, 1933-1945. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM 2. Ayittey, George B. N. (1999) Africa in Chaos: A Comparative History. Palgrave Macmillan 3. Afoaku, Osita. U. S. foreign policy and authoritarian regimes: Change and continuity in international clientelism, Journal of Third World Studies, Fall 2000, pp. -345-241

The Truth about Single- Sex Schooling Essay -- Argumentative Persuasiv

Single-Sex Schooling Single-Sex Schools have been looked down upon by many due to the belief that students will not be able to function comfortably with the opposite sex when leaving to go to a coeducational College or University. This belief is usually also partnered with the thought that single-sex schools represent segregation, many people do believe that these types of schools promote the separation of males and females. Some also may believe that all single-sex schools are in fact private, meaning that tuition for these schools are expensive, and cater to the wealthy. However, all of these beliefs are far from the truth. Not only are single sex schools offered in public education, but studies have also shown that attending single-sex schools can be very beneficial in succeeding both academically and socially. Single-Sex education is especially beneficial for young females. This type of education offers females a more comfortable way of learning, students feel more comfortable asking questions and sp eaking up in a classroom setting. Also, teachers can focus on gender issues facing young females today, such as body concerns as well as focusing on more challenging subjects for young girls. Through studies made from various single-sex female schools, as well as the research made through comparisons to coeducational schools, the belief that single-sex school as being a bad idea is shown to be not only incorrect, but also a completely misguided belief. Unfortunately, for many adolescent and teenage girls? eating disorders and body concerns are very prevalent. However, according to a study made by Janel Messinger, a The Truth about Single- Sex Schooling representative from the Department of psychology at the City Universi... ...ly looked into the fabulous opportunities that their child could experience, traditions are formed, friends are made, and the education the students will have will truly last a lifetime. Works Cited: Blair, H. & Sanford, K. (1999). Single-sex classrooms: A place for transformation of policy and practice. pp.4-9. Retrieved on April 14 from Eric/EBSCO. Dollison, R.A. (1998). A comparison of the effect of single sex and coeducational schooling arrangements on the self-esteem and mathematics achievement of adolescent females. pp. 6-9. Retrieved on April 12 from Eric/EBSCO. Haag, P. (2000). K-12 single sex education: What does research say? pp.2-5. Retrieved on March 23 from Eric/EBSCO. Messinger, J. (2001). Gender and body concerns in adolescent females: Single sex and coeducational environments. pp. 5-9. Retrieved on February 28 from Eric/EBSCO.

Kokoro written by Natsume Soseki Essay

Natsume Soseki throughout this novel went into great detail about friendship and the different stages of friendship. With a little help from a man he met on the beach at Kamakura he went from a young man trying to grasp the future to a very intelligent university graduate with all his morals set straight. Soseki’s novel the Kokoro (â€Å"The heart of things†) was a very pleasant novel to read. This novel was written in 1914 which was two years after the death of Emperor Meiji. Throughout this novel a lot of questions were raised and for the most part eventually answered. Japanese people during Meiji era (1868-1912) were in the midst of a major reformation, The moderation of the country of Japan. Natsume Soseki at the later parts of the movement was perhaps the most profound and most versatile novelist of them all[1]. Japanese people at this time mostly lived in Traditional housing. By this I mean houses were usually one story basic essentials nothing like some of the houses that are being built today. Sensei[2] on the other hand lived in non traditional housing thus meaning he had some kind of wealth. After a few visits that Soseki had given Sensei at his lodgings I began to realize that Japanese people at this time were very humble. Although Sensei was very confused on why Soseki continued to visit him and seek knowledge from him there was never a point in the book that Sensei wished anything harmful or bad upon Soseki. Around this time of the first meeting of Soseki and Sensei, Soseki was going through a change as well. It states that over the couple months that Soseki went home to be with family and his return to Tokyo that he was no a University student. This caught my eye because it states that he was a college student before[3]. After much research on this topic I could only come to a few assumptions of what this could meant. First â€Å"College† student might mean high school student here in the US. Secondly it might mean undergraduate whatever the true meaning behind it is it definitely caught my eye as intriguing that their educational system was different. Sak’e was a traditional alcoholic drink in Japan at the time. Sensei states â€Å"Drinking sak’e does you good to drink occasionally[4]†. I could not begin to think that during this reformation that Japan was going hrough that Sensei was the only one drinking sak’e. Although Sensei’s wife was not the biggest fan of the drink Sensei sure did enjoy it. Looking at the relationship between Sensei and his wife I couldn’t help to notice the extreme devotion they had towards each other. Although throughout the book Sensei’s wife Shizu always seemed to express herself more, you could tell that Sensei had the same devotion. Shizu was always very obedient to Sensei needs. I imagine that this was custom for women at this time in early Japan to be very obedient to their husbands. It’s about this time when Sensei first learns about the Sosekis ( Soseki) father being extremely ill. After hearing the symptoms of his father’s illness the reader begins to realize that Sensei is extremely smart and knows far more then the typical man during this era. Yet Sensei remains unemployed. In today’s world most college students continue their education after high school for one purpose and that purpose is usually to get a nice job and to become financial independent. Chinese people during this time by know means had the same state of mind as us in the United States right now. Throughout this novel I also began to wonder about how Chinese people interacted with each other Sensei was very secluded and did not want affection from anybody he also was very reluctant to trust anyone at one point Sensei asks, â€Å"is your family very wealthy†[5] he then goes on to say that if you â€Å"Give a Gentleman money, and he then becomes a rogue[6]. Sensei could not have been more right. His distrust in people and his generalization of the people of his day seemed to be somewhat crazy to the university student he had told. Later on in the book the Soseki father has passed along with his mother around the same time. His uncle who he had trust in persuade him to let him take over the house and the inheritance while he was in Tokyo continuing his education. Sure enough the exact words Sensei had told his peer happened. The uncle dwindled the inheritance of the Soseki thus causing hatred between the two sides. At this time I feel like very few people could be trusted altogether. If you had money there were always people trying to manipulate you and steal what in essence was given to you. Sensei said he could trust nobody and liked no body except his wife. The Soseki after the loss of inheritance to his uncle â€Å"I have come to hate the entire human race†[7] . This sounds exactly like something Sensei would have said thus leading to question if most people at this time felt this way. This novel was very enjoyable to read. I must admit I’m not a big reader but this novel kept me hooked. That being said the last point I would like to get to is a very serious one suicide. Suicide is a very serious problem in today’s world. Honestly before reading this novel I really only thought it was a problem now and not so much in the early 1900s. What surprises me the most is these three men in this novel committed suicide because they all felt they were disconnected if you will to what they had yearned for. None of them tried to reconnect. I cannot help but wonder at these times was it very traditional for a man or woman to commit suicide. Between illnesses these men were facing to the every day stress of financial stability and the devotion these men had towards their wives suicide might have been thought as the best option at the time.

Venus Figures

DC Venus Figures Venus figures have been found In various places of the world, at different time periods. This implies that all cultures shared a common belief or a common thought of women and their bodies. The Venus figures are most popularly known to represent fertility. These figurines were typically made from soft stone (estimate, calcite or limestone), bone, Ivory, wood, or ceramic clays. The salutary of each Venus figurine from each time period shows how a common thought be shared across a continent or long periods of time.There are virtually thousands of Venus fullness. Typically, they were made from soft stone, bone, ivory, wood or ceramic clays. Venus figurines were built with large breasts, stomachs, and legs. They did not have a face, and tiny arms rested upon the breasts. On their heads, a woven-like pattern is seen, possibly meaning their hair was braided or they were wearing a hat. They are sometimes described as â€Å"lozenge- shaped† The Venus figurines are tho ught to symbolize many different things. The most popular idea the figurines are thought to represent in fertility.Tying in with that, It is thought to shown the stages of a woman's life: pubescence, pregnancy, childbirth, and the obesity of later life. Other theories are that they were religious symbols, sex symbols for men, or even self-portraits of women taken from a distorted perspective. Socially, women were not dominant for centuries. Women have usually been viewed as a symbol of sex, â€Å"trophies†, or house-keepers in a sense. The Venus figures are arguably sex symbols. They depict women's' fertility. With this, it is inferable that they were looked up to, but inferior.Women were attainable â€Å"things† that had no power over a man and his masculinity. When looking at the Venus figures, we can analyze them to assume that men wanted women and wanted many of them, because they saw them as Just figures. Venus figures were made by people across Eurasia. They were made In the prehistoric period and are most commonly believed to be a symbol of fertility. They were made from bone, ivory, soft stone, wood, or ceramic slays. They typically homelike a woman's fertility and her lifetime.

The Peculiarity of Class Stratification

The Peculiarity of Class Stratification Introduction Nowadays there are only a few communities which can be regarded as non-class societies. There hardly can be found a state which is not characterized by class stratification. Nevertheless, people still cannot agree on basic points concerning class stratification: the definition of class, origins of classes emerging. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Peculiarity of Class Stratification specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, there are several theories explaining what the class is and why did classes appear. The only idea that all people share is that the existence of classes is a specific form of inequality. The essence of this inequality becomes transparent when comparing non-class and class societies. Theories concerning class existence In the first place it can be helpful to focus on the class theories provided by scholars. Thus, conventional Marxist approach to the class definition which can be formu lated as follows: â€Å"a relationship to the tools, labor and materials needed for necessary productions† (Gailey, 1985, p. 67). Basically, property and access to gaining income determine class stratification (Weber, 1998). However, this approach was developed and rethought be many scholars. For instance, stated that anthropologist Morton Fried, who was regarded as a Marxist approach supporter, transformed the definition and made the major stress on â€Å"unequal access to the basic resources that sustain life† (qtd. in Gailey, 1985, p. 67). As far as the class existence is concerned, some scholars (Fried is one of them) suppose that the major factor of class emerging was population pressure. Gailey (1985) points out that another scholar, Esther Boserup, suggested that the development of agriculture led to population growth, which in its turn caused class stratification. Nevertheless, Gailey (1985) claims that such theories are quite equivocal since population pressu re has little to do with class stratification. For instance, Wrigley argues that European industrial revolution, which is regarded as one of the most potent factors of class stratification, was accompanied by population decrease. Admittedly, the theories differ in some points. However, it is possible to note the thing which they all have in common: class stratification is one of the types of inequality. It is based on certain economical factors.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The difference between the class stratification and other kinds of inequalities To understand the essence of class stratification it is important to juxtapose it to other types of inequality such as gender inequality or status segregation (existence of castes). As has been mentioned above the class stratification is based on economical development of the society. At the same time, gender inequali ty is â€Å"associated with masculinity† (Gailey, 1987, p. 32). Thus, there are two groups: males and females. Males are regarded as a privileged group. This kind of inequality is based on historical factors. According to Gailey (1987) patriarchic societies grew from the assumption that aggressiveness, strength and power are characteristic features of masculinity, while females were characterized by patience and obedience. Another type of inequality is status inequality, i.e. the existence of castes. It was developed on the basis of ethnic segregation (Weber, 1998). After certain relationships between ethnic groups some started enjoying power and others became deprived of numerous rights. It is important to point out that this kind of inequality is also historically determined. More so, people do not have much of a choice, they are born to pertain to certain group. After having compared the three types of inequality it possible to state that class stratification is more flex ible. For instance, an individual can pertain to one class when born and then appear in many classes throughout his her life. Thus, a person can be born in a poor family than obtain certain education and even become a white-collar worker, then becoming a rich person. Of course, the person can become a bankrupt and these transformations can take place many times. Admittedly, as far as gender and ethnic segregation are concerned, such shifts from one group to another are much more difficult to implement. Class and non-class societies Of course, it may seem that the modern world is full of such inequalities. Nevertheless, there were times when there were no classes. In fact, even nowadays it is possible to find communities which live in non-class societies. The main difference between class and non-class societies is that class societies are individualistic or individual-oriented and non-class societies are collectivistic, i.e. they are dependent on their collective labor (Leacock, 19 82). In class societies many people do not produce anything but fulfill certain tasks. They buy products for money they gain. In non-class societies people used to produce what they needed and/or changed their goods on something they did not produce but needed. Thus, tribes produced food and could change it for cloths produced by other tribes. Admittedly, nowadays it is hard to imagine that such schemes are possible since the development of societies has led to class stratification.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Peculiarity of Class Stratification specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion In conclusion, class stratification is based on economical factors. The major factor which influenced the class stratification was the development of societies (mainly economical development). It differs from other types of inequality by its flexibility. Reference List Gailey, C.W. (1985). The State of the State in Anthrop ology. Dialectical Anthropology, 9(1-4), 65-89. Gailey, C.W. (1987). Evolutionary Perspectives on Gender Hierarchy. In B.B. Hess M.M. Ferree (Eds.), Analyzing Gender: A Handbook of Social Science Research (pp. 32-68). Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. Leacock, E.B. (1982). Relations of Production in Band Society. In E.B. Leacock R.B. Lee (Eds.), Politics and History in Band Societies (pp. 159-171). New York: CUP. Weber, M. (1998). Class, Status, Party. In R.F. Levine (Ed.), Social Class and Stratification: Classic Statements and Theoretical Debates (pp. 43-57). Boston: Rowman Littlefield.

BUY AN ESSAY

BUY AN ESSAY A career research paper is pursuit of your personal career goals. Career research paper includes a regular essay structure and involves a few additional elements. Your work will start with a research investigation. Address many famous sources to get the full picture. They will include both online and offline sources such as Internet, books, magazines and newspapers. All the necessary information is used as a supporting facts or arguments. If you present information from various resources, a reader will judge your research writing as accurate and full. Need assistance use our writing service and buy an essay online.   Another important fact is to choose topic of your personal interests. It is wise to spend some time and think over what you really like or dwell on. You may also refer to reading different materials. Consult with other professionals and ask them of their personal experience. Then come to a decision. The topic that you have chosen must be narrowed down to be easily manageable.

The Use of Sweet Based Products in Treatment of Allergic Reactions Essay

The Use of Sweet Based Products in Treatment of Allergic Reactions - Essay Example As the paper outlines, Choco-Ice rehabilitation center uses a rather new modern strategy of making their patients better by using new modern based candies, chocolate, ice cream and cookies in treating them. Although, based on the assumptions of most health practitioners a lot of debates have emerged as to whether this method is a valid one or it may end up causing more health hazard to the people involved in the treatment.  Nevertheless, Choco-Ice center through their first treatment program has managed to prove their critics wrong. A majority of the people that check into the center are children who have severe allergic reactions to certain food products. It is as a result of this that the Centre is using the above products which for the record are usually medicated. Choco-Ice rehab center uses the technique of making people better by using the little amounts of the allergens they are allergic to until their body system become immune to the substance. Therefore, I agree that these products should be legalized since they are basically sweet products that are medicated to lure the target group of the center who are basically the children for a better treatment outcome.  Based on the assumptions of the critic regarding the use of the modern sweet based products in treating allergies, my claim is that using the method of inducing little amounts of the food item one is allergic to is quite effective. Why the sweet products? And how are they related to the allergies treatment program? These questions have been asked a lot regarding the nature of the treatment’s effectiveness. Well, it is simply the center as per its mission targets a younger audience the children and as we all know children need to be lured in order to take medications and more so it will be hard to make them take in the substance that they know that they are allergic too. Therefore, using the concept of having candies, cookies, ice cream and chocolate being medicated and with little amou nts of the allergens that they are allergic to is the best option. According to Dr. Kari Nadeau, a successful treatment trial of oral immunotherapy can help out to desensitize children that have severe allergies for instance with peanuts.  

Global Marketing Management. British Petroleum Essay

Global Marketing Management. British Petroleum - Essay Example Internationalisation in terms of marketing can be defined as the outward venture of a company into the international shores to expand its objective, market share and explore new opportunities. Every major company worldwide have ventured or are planning to venture in foreign land to grab the opportunity lying ahead in terms of resource availability, manpower, technology, etc. Internationalisation has helped in bringing the business around globe under one umbrella by making the goods & services available across the different continents and emerging as global brands. Global marketing is the need of the hour in today’s time with more & more organisations making their presence felt in almost all countries. Global venture for the organisations has helped to standardise their products, improve the services and lastly integrated marketing (Johanson, 2008, p. 11-15). There are number of companies from different parts of the world who are now not subjugated as companies concentrating on domestic market, but, can be termed as companies catering to multi-domestic market. Organisations have believed in being a global company then domestic player with their approach of considering every country as their home country and doing business as per the ethics and cultural background of that country. There are various examples of such companies which have been a global partner over many decades and one of them is Britoil Public Limited Company. This company was established in the year 1975 as a nationalised company, named as British National Oil Corporation which was later christened as Britoil Public Limited Company. Later in the year 1988 it was acquired by the British Petroleum Company. British Petroleum is a company which is a pioneer in the petroleum field and has been in this business since 1909. British Petroleum is one of the largest oil producing companies in the world with the revenue standing at USD 297, 107 million as of 2010 (BP, 2012). British Petroleum Company: British Petroleum has made its presence felt in around every corner of the world exploring fuel and natural gas, manufacturing other petroleum products, refining, and marketing and into retail. British Petroleum Company has been venturing into different countries with its mission and vision intact. If furthe r it has to be considered that British Petroleum is planning to enter into different horizon what has to be the internationalisation plan for the company, how will the company process its business plan of internationalisation? What will be the market opportunities? Who will be its competitors? What will be its prime purpose for exploring new country? What has to be the preparedness factor the company to opt for internationalisation in different territory? Will the company be capable of implementing its true skills in offshore market where language and culture can halt the company’s plan? These factors can be analysed in a sequential manner to get a clear picture of the whole plan of internationalisation by British Petroleum (Hollensen, 2009, p. 5-7). Financial Status of British Petroleum: British Petroleum is a cartel firm of different companies with main business interest in discovering, producing and marketing of the natural resources of energy. As a company British Petrole um

Youth Justice Sytem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Youth Justice Sytem - Essay Example Surely the aberrant youths cannot be prosecuted the same way as adults as there is a different degree of criminality. The young criminal is always considered as a troubled youth whose parents, the church, the state and its institutions must partake of the blame. He is deemed as a victim of circumstances, of the weakening and destruction of the family and the family values, of fads such as drug use, cults, gangs and even heavy metal music as well as a product of violence in the newspapers, TV and the cinema. On the other hand, youth crimes cannot just be handled with kid gloves or reacted to by a mere slap of the wrist as these are potent symptoms of the debilitation of the moral fabric of society and thus, the weakening of the bonds that hold tight the dam that preserves society. Surely, if youthful criminals are detained for a while and released prematurely to society, they will be back to wreak more and deadlier havoc. At first, most societies dealt with youth crime control by subscribing to the environmental theory of crime which believes that youthful crimes are caused by external and environmental factors that are mostly beyond the control of the youthful offender. When this proved to be a failure, most societies shifted to the classical theory of crime which holds that the individual's crime is a result of his exercise of his free will and thus he must be deterred from commission 2 of crimes by severe punishment (Olivo et al 52). Today, UK has decided to meet halfway and has come up with a legislation called Youth Criminal Justice Act 2003, which holds that the youthful offender must be punished but he must undergo rehabilitation, pre-emptive intervention, education and a host of other services like the concept of restorative justice offered by the Youth Justice System (Stephenson xvii). The above was triggered by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child of which UK is a signatory. In 1990, UK has agreed to accede to the UN provision respecting "special protection measures covering the rights of children in the juvenile justice system" and the provision granting to each child offender the right to "family environment and family care" as well as the "right not to be subjected to torture" (UN Convention on the Rights of the Child). The UN Riyadh Guidelines 1990 also provided for early intervention which is a shared responsibility between state and the parents. Concomitant to the provisions of the Youth Justice System was the establishment of Youth Justice Board (YJB) by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Its role is to oversee and provide leadership for the improvement of the performance of the youth justice system (Smith 83). Its main responsibility is to prevent the commission of offenses by young persons (Ghate 1). Other responsibilities are the securing of facilities for the juvenile offenders, the development of models of restorative justice and the development of parenting programmes (Smith 86). The Act declared that its main objective is the reinforcement of the responsibilities of parents to exercise control over their offsprings.

How people recall memories

How people recall memories In 1932 British psychologist Frederick Bartlet put forward a theory of how people organise and recall memory. His idea was that memory is not like a video recorder that can be played back, but that in fact there are a number of factors that lead to distortion and reconstruction of information. His theory is known as reconstructive memory and his ideas are still in use in current psychological research, such as eyewitness testimony, false memory syndrome, and even in the field of artificial intelligence This essay will explain Bartletts theory, its strengths and weaknesses, its implications in the understanding of how the mind organises, stores and recalls information, and how Bartletts ideas have been incorporated and expanded. Bartlett asserted that peoples recall of events is often inaccurate as reconstruction and distortion of information takes place, internally within the mind. The initial stimulus is taken in but as one can only give a certain amount of attention to a stimulus; previous experience, and knowledge, which he referred to as schemas, are used to construct a fuller picture internally. For example, if one was walking down a dark alley one might feel on edge, one suddenly notices a person approaching. An existing schema for this situation would exist and will probably result in the construction of a sinister character approaching, despite having no previous knowledge of the person. A schema is organised previous knowledge, an internal representation of how one perceives the world. Bartlett considered schemas to be maps or structures of knowledge stored in long-term memory. (May 07th 2008) www.wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Schemas In 1932 Bartlett composed a short fable which he named war of the ghosts. The fable was an old Native American folk story which would have been unfamiliar to the western participants. Generally it presented as a logical representation of events but within it was held more subtly illogical or irrational content. The story was recited to the participants who were asked to recall it after twenty hours, and again at varying intervals afterwards. He discovered that most people found it extremely difficult to recall the story exactly, even when the fable was read repeatedly. Bartlet hypothesised that, elements of the story which failed to fit into the schemata of the participant were omitted from their recollection, or reconstructed into more familiar forms. He remarked that people make an effort after meaning to make sense of information; any information which did not correspond with their cultural experiences, norms, or values, or that were unfamiliar, tended to be excluded from the reco llection of the participants. This resulted in a reduced, direct version of the story. Bartlett remarked that in the end, no trace of an odd or supernatural element [was] left: we [had] a perfectly straight forward story of a fight and a death. (2010) www.docstoc.com Bartletts ideas were revolutionary and drew many responses, positive, and negative. Bartletts research into practical aspects of memory, with an approach that set out to study how the human memory system is applied in every day, real life situations, is seen as a fundamental strength of the reconstructive memory model. However, his experiment was criticised for the methods employed. Bartlett was stopping students on their journeys around the Cambridge campus and reciting the war of the ghosts. He would often have to wait until he met them again before he could ask them to recall their version of the story. His methods were considered as being unscientific and his work was rejected by some as a result. Bartletts idea of schemas was rejected as being too vague, and hard to back up with empirical evidence. Also it was argued that Bartletts idea of reading participants an unfamiliar story could have actually been a factor in why participants reconstructed parts of the story when they rec alled it. Despite the criticism, Bartletts ideas regarding schemas, and reconstructive memories, are still in use, and are still prevalent in various fields of current psychological research. The reconstructive memory model was an important breakthrough which is still very much relevant in todays modern world. For example, a fundamental tactic employed by the police to catch and convict criminals is eye witness testimony. But how reliable is this method if memory really works as Bartlett suggested. With the emergence of new technologies such as CCTV, in some cases, it has now been possible to explore the reliability of eye witness testimonies. One example of false eye witness testimony was the case concerning Charles Mendes, a Brazilian man who was shot by police in a case of mistaken identity after the terrorist bombings in London. Witnesses recalled Mr Mendes jumping over the ticket barrier and running away from the police before he was shot dead by the police. Later CCTV footage of the event that emerged clearly showed that this was false information and in fact Charles Mendes actually bought a ticket and only ran to avoid missing the train. Recent tests concerning reconstructive memory have also raised doubt over the reliability of eye witness testimony. In 1974 Elizabeth Loftus conducted a series of experiments to explore the reliability of eye witness testimony. In 1974, Loftus and Palmer conducted experiments in which participants were used in an independent measures design. They were shown footage of a car crash and then separated into three groups of fifty. The first group was asked, how fast were the cars going when they hit each other? The second group was asked the question but the word hit was changed to smashed. The independent variable being the changed word. The third group was not asked the question; this group was used as a control group. The findings showed that the wording of the question directly affected the estimation of the cars speed. When the question was asked using the word hit, the lowest estimation was given. When the question was asked using the word smashed, participants responded with the highest estimation of the cars speed. After seven days, the participants were asked if they had seen broken glass after the accident; Loftus and Palmer found that participants who had been asked the question with the word smashed had been consistently more likely to answer yes (wrongly). The findings of Loftus and Palmers 1974 car crash experiments reinforced and continued the reconstructive memory theory. It has raised questions concerning the reliability of eye witness testimony; as a result of this work, juries are no longer allowed to convict a defendant on the basis of eye witness testimony alone. Their work has also led to the police revising the way they interview witnesses; to avoid misleading questions which could contaminate the original recollection of events, and in order to aid a witness to recall as much of a situation or event as possible, the police now conduct cognitive interviews. The understanding of how the mind stores and retrieves information has aided the police, whose modified interview techniques are now thought to be more successful in drawing often vital details held in the memory of witnesses. These can be used to solve crimes, help to bring dangerous criminals to justice, and are more accurate, hopefully leading to less cases of wrongful convictions due to false information or mistaken identity. There are criticisms that can be directed towards Loftus and Palmer for their experimental methods in 1974; it has been argued that due to a lack of participant variety, the findings of the experiment cannot be viewed as universally applicable as the participants were all students. Another point that has been made is that the results could have been affected by demand characteristics; the participants could have given answers according to what they thought the researchers wanted to hear. It has also been argued that the experiments were artificial; real life situations could have different results. In a real situation there are potentially severe legal and moral consequences involved with distorted recollections of events in a court of law; this is not the case in a laboratory experiment. These concerns have now been addressed by more recent research that has based experiments in a more realistic, every day context. This new research, such as the Open University and BBC project, appears to confirm much of what Loftus and Palmer asserted. Participants witnessed a stabbing and were taken to the station by the police for cognitive interviews. They were unaware that the situation had been staged. Dr Pike, a psychologist involved with the project echoed comments remarked by Elizabeth Loftus when he commented on the findings; speaking of how the mind is malleable, not fixed, he remarked that its not like imputing data into a computer, the mind does not store facts absolutely the way they are and it does not recall them absolutely accurately either. Winterman, D (2010) www.news.bbc.co.uk Further research by Loftus has led to greater understanding of how the mind reacts differently in stressful situations such as at the scene of a crime taking place. It is now understood that when a weapon is involved, ones attention tends to focus on the threatening object. As a consequence, ones recall of peripheral details diminishes. Loftus asserted that weapon anxiety can be responsible for ones inability to recall the perpetrator, and or crucial details or events of a crime. It is now understood that age, and ones emotional state, are factors to be considered concerning accurate recall. It is also widely accepted that people are more likely to misinterpret a situation, make errors, or make crucial mistakes when they are scared or in shock. Although in some instances, an extreme situation can lead to a state of heightened awareness, which can in turn lead to flashbulb memories; potentially extremely accurate detailed memories of an event or situation. Having explored Bartletts theory of reconstructive memory, and later research by Loftus and Palmer that continued it, one can see that these theories have facilitated a much greater understanding of the complexities of human memory. Bartlett put forward an explanation of aspects of human memory that other models of memory do not account for. Most, if not all people would have experience with memories that are vague, or unclear. How many times have you recalled an event, only for the person next to you, who shared the experience with you, to contradict you, with a completely different account of the events? Reconstructive memory puts forward an explanation for why this can happen; of how memory does not always reflect an accurate account of an event or situation. Loftus and Palmers continued research into reconstructive memory has further supported the theory. Their work has had important repercussions in areas such as law and police procedure. The reconstructive memory theory continu es to exert a significant influence in todays modern world. Cardwell M, Clark L, Meldrum C. (2003) Psychology for A Level, Harper Collins. Gross R. (2009) Psychology. The Science of Mind and Behaviour 5th Edition, Hodder Arnold. Gross R, Rolls G. (2003) Essential AS Psychology, Hodder Stoughton. www.google.com/http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Frederic_Bartlett (accessed 26th April 2010) (May 7th 2008) www.google.com/http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Schemas (accessed 26 April 2010) (2010) www.google.com/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/33510508/The-War-of-the-Ghosts/ (accessed 26th April 2010) www.google.com/http://www.s-cool.co.uk/alevel/psychology/human-memory/criti (accessed 26th April 2010) Winterman, D. (2010) BBC Magazine available at www.google.com/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8617945.stm (accessed 28th April)

Samoan Language :: essays research papers fc

Samoan is a rich language that remains the principal language of the people of Samoa. The Samoan language is exquisite and quite easy to learn and is similar to other languages in the pacific region. â€Å"Samoan is a branch of the Austronesian Language, formerly called Malayo-Polynesian language, one of the word’s largest language families, both in terms of numbers of languages-more than 700-and geographic spread-covering islands and some mainland areas from Madagascar in the west to Easter Island and Hawaii in the east† (Amerika Samoa). â€Å"The Austronesian language is divided into two branches: Formosan, the languages spoken by about 200,000 people in Taiwan; and Malayo-Polynesian, comprising the rest of the language in the Austronesian family† (Encarta Online). As a student finishing up his 2nd year of the Hawaiian Language, I was amazed to find several words in Pouliuli having the same meaning in Hawaiian. Therefore, this report will focus on the Samoan l anguage; it’s rules, pronunciation, and the similarities and differences between the Samoan language and the Hawaiian language. The Samoan language cannot be considered as strong language, and few letters of the alphabet are put to use. â€Å"D and B are never used; H, R, and K are of rare occurrence, which are found in words that have been introduced. All words have a vowel termination, and their etymological forms are constructed by the employment of particles attached to the roots, thereby forming agglutinative or polysynthetic words. The Samoan language is comprised of only fourteen letters-five vowels, A, E, I, O, U, and nine consonants, F, G, L, M, N, P, S, T, V, --H, K, and R only occurring in words of foreign origin† (Neffgen 3). The Samoan language now contains many introduced words, which have been distorted by added vowels or substituted consonants, in order for native speakers to articulate them. Samoan vowels have long and short versions. The language is generally pronounced as in romantic languages such as Spanish and Italian. In print the long vowel sound is represented by the presence of a dash or macron over the vowel. Here is a chart on how to pronounce each vowel. Vowel  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Short A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bath  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But E  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eh  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bet I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bit O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Raw  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gone U  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pool  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pew Source: Samoan Sensation â€Å"Samoan consonants are pronounced the same as in English, with the exception of G, which sounds like the NG as in song† (Samoan Sensation). The Hawaiian language and Samoan language are quite similar because they both come from the same language family.